剑桥雅思（5-9）阅读词汇同义替换

剑桥雅思（5-9）阅读词汇同义替换 Cambridge IELTS 5-9 Reading Paraphrases 一.[ ]中为反义词 二. 用法：A 做完题目后查对同意替换；精读文章时学习词汇 B 不熟悉阅读中替换词汇出题，时常出现错误的同学。 剑桥雅思五阅读词汇替换汇总 5-1-1 Johnson’s dictionary vicissitude difficulty, hardship patronage support, sponsorship ascertain determine esteem respect prevail persuade 5-1-2 Nature or nurture? distaste dislike, aversion successive subsequent, consecutive denounce accuse, condemn reluctant unwilling, disinclined overwhelming great consensus agreement, unanimity discrepancy difference, distinction, gap, incongruity, inconsistency make-up character, personality, quality remnant remainder, residue property quality, character malevolent evil, malicious forgo give up, abandon elucidate explain, illustrate, clarify 5-1-3 The truth about the environment disjunction separation lopsidedness imbalance selfless altruistic, benevolent, charitable, philanthropic characteristic feature, quality impartial objective, unbiased, neutral dispose throw away 5-2-1 Bakelite constituent element, component pragmatic practical, realistic alternative substitute dwindle decrease, diminish amass accumulate, collect original first, initial, primary; (true, authentic) outline (v.) give a general description, brief (n.), summary (n.) disdain despise, contempt, scorn relish enjoy, savour, flavour, taste 5-2-2 What’s so funny? resolution solution incongruity inconsistency, discrepancy, disagreement linguistic lingual revolve rotate, orbit interpretation understanding apt appropriate, smart mutate change, convert, transform recognition acknowledgement 5-2-3 The birth of scientific English given considering, taking (sth) into account prominence eminence, distinction, prestige, fame intellectual thinker, intellect, brain, scholar renaissance revival, renewal treatise dissertation properties quality, characteristic, feature perversely unreasonably, oddly domain area, field, territory preliminary preparatory, unpolished cipher code obscure vague, ambiguous; hide, conceal cling to stick to, attach to inadequacy incapability, insufficiency, defect, deficiency objective impersonal entity existence, object, whole transcript written copy inaugurate begin, launch formative shaping, influential momentum force, impetus lexis vocabulary; (lexical) institute establish, set up, inaugurate 5-3-1 Early childhood education socio-economic background status, position be predicated on be based on bypass avoid, ignore configuration pattern, shape foster develop, encourage, nurture phenomenal wonderful, amazing, fantastic, marvelous perpetuate eternalize, immortalize administer give, provide, apply, carry out, manage insufficient inadequate, deficient, scarce funding money 5-3-2 Disappearing delta erode corrode, wear astounding startling, amazing, astonishing, surprising deposit sediment divert turn, shift canal channel, watercourse laden loaded municipal urban, metropolitan coincide concur principally mainly, chiefly, primarily devise design, invent, conceive, think up 5-3-3 The return of artificial intelligence poised ready ignite kindle irony inverted commas hype puffery justification reason rehabilitation recovery informative educational, instructive, enlightening rear bring up, raise ensue follow, succeed undue excessive, extravagant retrenchment reduction, curtailment fruition fulfillment, realization premature early, untimely align (with) ally mundane ordinary, secular deem consider, reckon, think implement do, execute, perform, carry out differentiate discriminate, distinguish exacerbate worsen, aggravate categorise classify 5-4-1 The impact of wilderness tourism expansion boom in terms of from the perspective of/ with respect to /in respect of/with (in) relation to/ with reference to/ regarding/ concerning in this/these respect(s) from this angle/perspective/aspect characteristic (n./adj.) feature; distinctive/typical prevail dominate prevailing dominant/popular/widespread/prevalent draw attract landscape scenery unique incomparable/unparalleled indigenous native isolated separate/solitary/alone/detached new breed of kind/type grateful appreciative/thankful profound deep, abstruse trekker hiker tend care inhabitant dweller, resident culprit reason, sinner undermine weaken dilemma problem, difficulty, paradox erosion corrosion degradation demotion, reduction disruptive troublesome, disturbing, intrusive, unsettling legion numerous, myriad inevitably inescapably, unavoidably vehicle tool, media, means reinvigorate restore, revitalise, revive over the long term in the long run integrate combine, incorporate, synthesise concern business, care, worry communal public, mutual exploit use, develop transient temporary repatriate send home base headquarters accrue accumulate, aggregate reservation preserve, reserve purchase buy handicraft artwork, artifact aspiration ambition, dream norm rule, standard 5-4-2 Flawed beauty: the problem with toughened glass exert use, wield, manipulate propagate breed, reproduce, spawn, advertise, disseminate subsequent after, later convert change, revert elapse pass suppress repress, sensor, ban favour love, prefer, approve (v.) dispute argue, debate, contest 5-4-3 The effects of light on plant and animal species cue clue, hint, suggestion reproduction breeding, propagation perennial long-lasting, permanent, durable yet not uptake intake, understand horticulture gardening 6-1-1 Australia’s sporting success demolish defeat, destroy, pull down underpin support, back, establish collaborate cooperate wring squeeze, tweak, twist prototype archetype, original, father profile outline obstacle barrier, hurdle, impediment optimum best, optimal, superlative, unsurpassed gear towards adapt to unveil uncover, reveal, unmask, display, show, expose, disclose all-encompassing all around, comprehensive, all-inclusive 6-1-2 Delivering the goods freight goods, cargo tempt attract, provoke, entice commerce trade, business, industry streamlined improved, more efficient/effective capsize overturn, topple by and large generally tariff tax, duty haulier shipper, carrier, freighter albeit although monopoly corner deter discourage, prevent 6-1-3 Climate change and the Inuit unprecedented event unusual incident precarious insecure, uncertain tough difficult, demanding; strong, unyielding autonomy independence, self-government terrain territory, region, area indigenous native, aboriginal alternative other curtail reduce, condense incidence rate, possibility at stake at risk tease out梳理 obtain, get by, deal with draw on use resolve address, solve capricious variable, changeable, inconsistent appreciate understand sustenance food, nourishment inhabitant colonist, occupant 6-2-1 The advantages of public transport favour prefer, approve, accept, benefit be stable remain constant congestion (massive) traffic jams, gridlock viable feasible refute disprove, discredit starkly severely, evidently convert change, transform proposal suggestion, request advocate recommend, support related connected flourish thrive, prosper, boom inhabitant resident, occupant, dweller, (citizen, civilian, populace, people) 6-2-2 Greying population stays in the pink greying population elderly people in the pink healthy afflict trouble, torture retain keep, hold, reserve, maintain fare best manage/develop well 6-2-3 Numeration bound up with sth. closely connected with sth. sequence of events/words order paramount supreme, primary, dominant arithmetic numeration grasp understanding, capacity conceive think, imagine distinct separate, evident, clear hindrance barrier, obstacle be registered in the mind realized, noticed relic trace, vestige, remains indispensable essential, necessary 6-3-1 Film boulevard avenue stunned shocked, astonished thrilled excited routine regular, habitual, frequent grasp understand, comprehend (film) personality celebrity, hero enduring long-lasting, permanent legacy heritage, tradition by no means certainly not novelty newness, innovation, originality narrative account, story, report convention tradition, agreement; conference 6-3-2 Motivating employees under adverse conditions motivate stimulate, prompt, inspire adverse unfavourable, disadvantageous, negative [positive] grow expand decline shrink optimism [pessimism] entice encourage be prone to be liable to, be likely to, tend to, incline to, have a tendency to redundant unemployed, dismissed rumour gossip autonomous independent, self-governing affiliation alliance, association specific precise, detailed, exact external [internal] be assigned be allocated, be distributed collectively [individually] in conjunction with together with perception (perceive) sense be consistent with [be inconsistent with] appraisal assessment, evaluation valid true, credible, logical, sound, well-grounded reinforce strengthen scope range be contigent on be dependent on, rely on publicise advertise, promote transparent clear, lucid weigh think over, consider, ponder, reflect, contemplate 6-3-3 The search for the anti-aging pill vigor vitality, strength infirmity weakness longevity long life equivalent (to) equal mimic imitate, mock mimetic imitative taut promote, publicise toxic poisonous dose amount retard slow, detain emit release, send out 6-4-1 Doctoring sales representative delegate, deputy, agent; typical physician doctor [surgeon] incentive stimulus, encouragement profile outline, description bribe buy escalate increase extravagance excess, luxury, waste brochure pamphlet, booklet inundation flood recipient receiver prescribe dispense bottom line final result; essential point sky-rocketing sky high scrutinize inspect, examine, check 6-4-2 Do literate women make better mothers? eliminate remove, exclude mortality death malnourished undernourished opt choose exert apply, use implication hint, suggestion maternal [paternal], female bypass avoid, escape, ignore mature adult, grown replicate copy, duplicate, reproduce 6-4-3 Bullying persistent enduring, chronic, endless offence crime, misdeed common refrain cliché inquiry question, enquiry, investigation, inquest optimum optimal, best sanction permission, approval, penalty consultation discussion, conference, counsel disseminate spread, distribute, disperse, propagate implement carry out, do, perform, execute back (up) support in the light of considering, in the view of substitute replacement, surrogate prevention intervention 7-1-1 Let’s go bats fraction amount, proportion uncanny unnatural, weird, unexpected, exceptional navigate find their way, guide, pilot, maneuver in the absence of without obstruct block, impede manoeuvre move, guide, perform prohibitive expensive illuminate light, elucidate, clarify, illustrate phantom unreal, ghost military martial, warlike or rather more exactly/specifically/accurately detection navigation underlying basic, essential, fundamental coin name, call, know as, term, christen, dub cover include 7-1-2 Making every drop count manipulate exploit, use, handle expand extend, enlarge source origin/derivation innovative novel/original/unprecedented layout design/plan/blueprint/scheme occupant resident/dweller/inhabitant explode soar monumental giant, heroic, historic, significant generate produce inferior subordinate; [superior] adequate sufficient consequence outcome jeopardise endanger/threaten/imperil compensation payment species breed ecosystem environment thrive prosper/flourish dispute debate/contend/controversy tension pressure/stress rezort option/resource opposition resistance/objection address tackle/solve/deal with diminish decrease remarkable notable/exceptional a range of a spectrum of conserve preserve/save peak summit region zone/terrain/territory ecological bionomical (bionomics = ecology)/environmental 7-1-3 Educating psyche valid true, credible, well-grounded readily easily instruction education, learning, teaching, order, direction variant version solemnly seriously likewise also, furthermore distinctive special, characteristic, typical ritual ceremony, form, rite autocratic categoric designate allocate, appoint, call, name accredited accepted, believed well known notoriety (fame, popularity, reputation, notoriousness) emulate imitate, copy, compete, contest procedure session 7-2-1 Why pagodas don’t fall down flimsy delicate, weak lighting illumination topple overturn, capsize flatten level devastate destroy, ruin magnificent majestic, splendid, remarkable unscathed safe, uninjured, unharmed erect construct dampen decrease, restrain dispense with get rid of, without batter strike, attack eave roof resilience flexibility, buoyancy pillar column, pile bear the weight carry the load bend flex stationary fixed, unmoving, still slither slide consecutive successive jolt shake, bump, jerk 7-2-2 The true cost of food collateral parallel, additional enervation depletion, impoverishment colossal immense, enormous fertility richness, productivity aesthetic artistic arable cultivable subsidy grant prop up support, sustain feasible possible, viable premium additional payment commitment responsibility, obligation comprise contain, encompass, include initiate begin, launch, undertake 7-2-3 Makete integrated rural transport project tackle solve, address, cope with, deal with present offer, give assumption premise, postulation, supposition regarding on, about implement carry out, perform refinement improvement hinder prevent, obstruct, impede, hold back 7-3-1 Ant intelligence scrutiny inspection, examination, observation repel repulse propagate spread, disseminate, breed, reproduce intricate complicated, elaborate outstrip exceed, outdo, surpass exhaustive thorough, complete 7-3-2 Population movements and genetics footing foundation, basis, status long-standing long-lasting, old, enduring variant variation, diversity, version credence credit, belief 7-3-3 The preservation of European forest combat fight, struggle joint (action) communal, mutual condemned fated, doomed unrivaled unparalleled, incomparable unwind relax, rest transcend exceed, surpass, excel resolution conclusion, determination, decision issue publish, release surveillance watch culprit sinner, offender accentuate emphasize concentrate on focus on preserve reserve 7-4-1 Endless harvest bounty bonus, reward nourishment food, nutrition mandate order, command authority power, right commission authorise, entitle, empower certify witness, guarantee, warrant subsistence sustenance, living prompt impel, propel, trigger, stimulate cumulative accumulative culminate peak, climax 7-4-2 Pulling strings to build pyramids reckon deem, consider peruse study, examine monument memorial posture position, pose intrigue attract, interest rig up set up scaffold stage, platform apex summit, top trolley cart clean (adv.) completely, entirely foe enemy 7-4-3 Effects of noise plausible believable, credible disruptive troublesome, disturbing, intrusive, unsettling interfere affect capability ability reduce eliminate mistake error ethnicity race social class status, social position 8-1-1 A chronicle of timekeeping advent appearance, arrival revolution rotation wax and wane ups and downs conspicuous noticeable, remarkable, marked approximate (v.) estimate cosmic universal disseminate spread denote mean, indicate, designate scheme layout, plan, project supersede replace, substitute, supplant commence begin simultaneously at the same time, coincident precise accurate, exact 8-1-2 Air traffic control in the USA regulate oversee, control, supervise congest overcrowd, block procedure process, program, approach rudimentary basic, elementary, rudimental vicinity neighborhood metropolitan municipal, urban accommodate adapt, contain, integrate blanket cover bound obliged, obligated category classification, class necessitate demand, require devise design, contrive designate call, term stem from result from realm domain, field altitude elevation, height correspond conform, match, accord encompass include, comprise rigorous strict, precise explicit clear clearance permission 8-1-3 Telepathy derision mockery, ridicule sceptical doubtful, questioning implication suggestion, hint constitute compose, comprise compelling strong, convincing genuine real, true, authentic definitive final, conclusive sceptics advocates concur agree meditation contemplation suspect doubt, distrust faint vague, weak swamp flood, overwhelm tranquility peace, quiet flaw defect, mistake, fault routinely usually, often overlook ignore outright complete, utter fraud cheat switch change, shift be subjected to undergo, experience, be exposed to be put down to be attributed to plausible believable, credible mechanism method, procedure esoteric abstruse, deep, obscure probe explore, investigate 8-2-1 Sheet glass manufacture: the float process spinning whirl, rotation unblemished clean, unstained flat horizontal specific special, particular property attribute, quality, characteristic pilot experimental, trial mar damage, spoil, blemish tremor shake steer guide, pilot, control, direct, conduct 8-2-2 The little ice age episode occasion, incident rather more exactly proxy agent, substitute narrative story-telling perish die, expire, demise culminate peak, crown proliferate increase, multiply, reproduce regime governance, rule 8-2-3 The meaning and power of smell smell olfaction odour aroma, scent, smell foul stinky [fragrant] bonding close relationship spouse husband or wife, marriage partner register indicate, show feeble weak, faint realm domain, area, field recollection memory, recall proper itself be invested with be endowed with (confer, offer) 8-3-1 Striking back at lighting with lasers inflict impose dice with death risk one’s life armoury arsenal installation facilities in the offing in the near future forthcoming coming, approaching avalanche large amount menace threat 8-3-2 The nature of genius genius prodigy, giftedness begetter father cult worship divinity god perpetuate eternalize, immortalize derive from come from ambivalent contradictory defective deficient, [talented] eccentric bizarre, strange, weird denigration depreciation anecdote story collate compare corporal physical mundane secular mediocre ordinary, second-class marvel amaze, wonder outrageous unconventional outstrip surpass, transcend instruction education, knowledge emulate imitate, compete unpalatable painful, unpleasant perseverance insistence, persistence preserve protect integrity honesty, character delude fool, deceive save (saving) prep. except 8-3-3 How does the biological clock tick? inexorable unstoppable, relentless, rigid equilibrium balance mechanism method mutation change, alteration optimal best, optimum immortality eternity parameter characteristic, feature mammoth huge, immense frugally thriftily, economically captivity imprisonment hibernation lethargy 8-4-1 Land of the rising sum concerning in terms of variation difference presumably likely, probably supplementary additional, extra comprehensive inclusive, all-around foster encourage, develop 8-4-2 Biological control of pest reckless careless engender create, produce lethal deadly, harmful, damaging potent powerful immune chemical resistant replacement substitute glaring gross, evident withstand resist havoc ruin, destruction avidly eagerly proliferation escalation, boost, increase, reproduction mutation change, variation escalating perils increasing dangers perpetual permanent detrimental harmful nuisance bother, torment, plague devour eat forage food clutches control 8-4-3 Collecting ant specimens stray lost, wondering exhaustive thorough taxonomy classification compatible consistent, conformable overlook miss, ignore ethanol alcohol evaporate vaporize, disappear 9-1-1 William Henry Perkin stumble upon/on/across find … by chance became immersed in be absorbed in eminent noted, famous and outstanding enrol in attend, enter be derived from be obtained from, originate from surpass outdo, exceed passing casual substitute replacement, alternate, surrogate readily quickly, easily, willingly substance matter, stuff incorporate integrate, combine excretion waste outrageously much too high (price), shockingly, ridiculously hue color, tone, shade, tint backdrop background grasp understand fully fabric cloth, structure originally initially works factory, plant boost increase, advance all the rage be all the fashion clamour demand drawing board the planning stage stain dye microbe bacteria, bacilli 9-1-2 Is there anybody out there? extra-terrestrial alien haunt trouble, hang around poised ready drive compel, force foster nurture, feed tenuous thin, insignificant ground rules basic principals apart from except in that because inconceivable unbelievable likelihood chance, possibility attenuate reduce, weaken traverse cross, pass, travel transmit send, communicate joint shared, common antenna aerial at short notice immediately appropriate suitable, proper 9-1-3 The history of tortoise enterprising bold, ambitious parched dry thoroughgoing complete revert return equivalent equal, identical constitute consist of, make up, compose transition change 9-2-1 Hearing impairment in young children hearing auditory impairment deficit, damage detrimental bad, harmful preliminary preparatory amount to be equal to exacerbate worsen, aggravate reverberation echo discrepancy difference, inconsistency stimuli incentive intrusive unsettling, disturbing adversely unfavorably be indicative of indicate, reveal screen out eliminate embark on start, commence initiative action, new plan formulate invent, create, express imperative urgent and essential promulgate announce, broadcast, disseminate 9-2-2 Venus in transit allege argue, state desolate deserted worked out measure pin down nail down, settle thwart prevent rule out eliminate, prevent undaunted brave dispiriting depressing supersede replace 9-2-3 A neuroscientist reveals how to think differently is linked to achievement secrets to success naysayer opponent impede hinder, obstruct plague afflict, annoy, torture hardwired inborn, universal conjecture guess bombard attack receptive open-minded demanding arduous, difficult, tough 9-3-1 Attitudes to language invective and polemic abuse and argue aptitude talent inherently innately, naturally propound propose, suppose in relation to in/with reference to encounter confront, meet adherent advocate, follower, supporter deviation diversion rudiments fundamental, principles legislation lawmaking tenet belief, principle liberalism [conservatism] discredit disbelieve 9-3-2 The tidal power renewable energy sustainable energy ailing not well, ill hostile unfriendly subsidiary subordinate, affiliate be mounted on be fixed to maintenance support submerged under the sea debris wreckage, fragment robust strong, 9-3-3 Information theory – the big idea be used by means of Switch over shift triumph win shun avoid intact undamaged, complete genuine true ravage damage feat accomplishment ambiguous vague 9-4-1 The life and work of Marie Curie sole single prodigious amazing, enormous property quality, characteristic vacant empty received recognition was awarded the Nobel Prize material substance triumphant successful, victorious subsequent later, following 9-4-2 Young children’s sense of identity distinctiveness individuality, particularity label call, describe vocalization voice, speech distinct different, separate; clear, obvious inextricably inevitably, closely linked bind together connected conceive imagine marked noticeable notable remarkable 9-4-3 The development of museums conviction belief, idea; certainty relics remains, vestige infallible certain, unfailing testimony proof, testament veracity truthfulness, authenticity tangible sensible, touchable, subtle fine, delicate the exclusive domain the only field prototype original example, archetype evaporating disappearing depict portray correspond to accord to transitory transient stroll walk剑桥雅思（5-9）阅读词汇同义替换 Cambridge IELTS 5-9 Reading Paraphrases 一.[ ]中为反义词 二. 用法：A 做完题目后查对同意替换；精读文章时学习词汇 B 不熟悉阅读中替换词汇出题，时常出现错误的同学。 剑桥雅思五阅读词汇替换汇总 5-1-1 Johnson’s dictionary vicissitude difficulty, hardship patronage support, sponsorship ascertain determine esteem respect prevail persuade 5-1-2 Nature or nurture? distaste dislike, aversion successive subsequent, consecutive denounce accuse, condemn reluctant unwilling, disinclined overwhelming great consensus agreement, unanimity discrepancy difference, distinction, gap, incongruity, inconsistency make-up character, personality, quality remnant remainder, residue property quality, character malevolent evil, malicious forgo give up, abandon elucidate explain, illustrate, clarify 5-1-3 The truth about the environment disjunction separation lopsidedness imbalance selfless altruistic, benevolent, charitable, philanthropic characteristic feature, quality impartial objective, unbiased, neutral dispose throw away 5-2-1 Bakelite constituent element, component pragmatic practical, realistic alternative substitute dwindle decrease, diminish amass accumulate, collect original first, initial, primary; (true, authentic) outline (v.) give a general description, brief (n.), summary (n.) disdain despise, contempt, scorn relish enjoy, savour, flavour, taste 5-2-2 What’s so funny? resolution solution incongruity inconsistency, discrepancy, disagreement linguistic lingual revolve rotate, orbit interpretation understanding apt appropriate, smart mutate change, convert, transform recognition acknowledgement 5-2-3 The birth of scientific English given considering, taking (sth) into account prominence eminence, distinction, prestige, fame intellectual thinker, intellect, brain, scholar renaissance revival, renewal treatise dissertation properties quality, characteristic, feature perversely unreasonably, oddly domain area, field, territory preliminary preparatory, unpolished cipher code obscure vague, ambiguous; hide, conceal cling to stick to, attach to inadequacy incapability, insufficiency, defect, deficiency objective impersonal entity existence, object, whole transcript written copy inaugurate begin, launch formative shaping, influential momentum force, impetus lexis vocabulary; (lexical) institute establish, set up, inaugurate 5-3-1 Early childhood education socio-economic background status, position be predicated on be based on bypass avoid, ignore configuration pattern, shape foster develop, encourage, nurture phenomenal wonderful, amazing, fantastic, marvelous perpetuate eternalize, immortalize administer give, provide, apply, carry out, manage insufficient inadequate, deficient, scarce funding money 5-3-2 Disappearing delta erode corrode, wear astounding startling, amazing, astonishing, surprising deposit sediment divert turn, shift canal channel, watercourse laden loaded municipal urban, metropolitan coincide concur principally mainly, chiefly, primarily devise design, invent, conceive, think up 5-3-3 The return of artificial intelligence poised ready ignite kindle irony inverted commas hype puffery justification reason rehabilitation recovery informative educational, instructive, enlightening rear bring up, raise ensue follow, succeed undue excessive, extravagant retrenchment reduction, curtailment fruition fulfillment, realization premature early, untimely align (with) ally mundane ordinary, secular deem consider, reckon, think implement do, execute, perform, carry out differentiate discriminate, distinguish exacerbate worsen, aggravate categorise classify 5-4-1 The impact of wilderness tourism expansion boom in terms of from the perspective of/ with respect to /in respect of/with (in) relation to/ with reference to/ regarding/ concerning in this/these respect(s) from this angle/perspective/aspect characteristic (n./adj.) feature; distinctive/typical prevail dominate prevailing dominant/popular/widespread/prevalent draw attract landscape scenery unique incomparable/unparalleled indigenous native isolated separate/solitary/alone/detached new breed of kind/type grateful appreciative/thankful profound deep, abstruse trekker hiker tend care inhabitant dweller, resident culprit reason, sinner undermine weaken dilemma problem, difficulty, paradox erosion corrosion degradation demotion, reduction disruptive troublesome, disturbing, intrusive, unsettling legion numerous, myriad inevitably inescapably, unavoidably vehicle tool, media, means reinvigorate restore, revitalise, revive over the long term in the long run integrate combine, incorporate, synthesise concern business, care, worry communal public, mutual exploit use, develop transient temporary repatriate send home base headquarters accrue accumulate, aggregate reservation preserve, reserve purchase buy handicraft artwork, artifact aspiration ambition, dream norm rule, standard 5-4-2 Flawed beauty: the problem with toughened glass exert use, wield, manipulate propagate breed, reproduce, spawn, advertise, disseminate subsequent after, later convert change, revert elapse pass suppress repress, sensor, ban favour love, prefer, approve (v.) dispute argue, debate, contest 5-4-3 The effects of light on plant and animal species cue clue, hint, suggestion reproduction breeding, propagation perennial long-lasting, permanent, durable yet not uptake intake, understand horticulture gardening 6-1-1 Australia’s sporting success demolish defeat, destroy, pull down underpin support, back, establish collaborate cooperate wring squeeze, tweak, twist prototype archetype, original, father profile outline obstacle barrier, hurdle, impediment optimum best, optimal, superlative, unsurpassed gear towards adapt to unveil uncover, reveal, unmask, display, show, expose, disclose all-encompassing all around, comprehensive, all-inclusive 6-1-2 Delivering the goods freight goods, cargo tempt attract, provoke, entice commerce trade, business, industry streamlined improved, more efficient/effective capsize overturn, topple by and large generally tariff tax, duty haulier shipper, carrier, freighter albeit although monopoly corner deter discourage, prevent 6-1-3 Climate change and the Inuit unprecedented event unusual incident precarious insecure, uncertain tough difficult, demanding; strong, unyielding autonomy independence, self-government terrain territory, region, area indigenous native, aboriginal alternative other curtail reduce, condense incidence rate, possibility at stake at risk tease out梳理 obtain, get by, deal with draw on use resolve address, solve capricious variable, changeable, inconsistent appreciate understand sustenance food, nourishment inhabitant colonist, occupant 6-2-1 The advantages of public transport favour prefer, approve, accept, benefit be stable remain constant congestion (massive) traffic jams, gridlock viable feasible refute disprove, discredit starkly severely, evidently convert change, transform proposal suggestion, request advocate recommend, support related connected flourish thrive, prosper, boom inhabitant resident, occupant, dweller, (citizen, civilian, populace, people) 6-2-2 Greying population stays in the pink greying population elderly people in the pink healthy afflict trouble, torture retain keep, hold, reserve, maintain fare best manage/develop well 6-2-3 Numeration bound up with sth. closely connected with sth. sequence of events/words order paramount supreme, primary, dominant arithmetic numeration grasp understanding, capacity conceive think, imagine distinct separate, evident, clear hindrance barrier, obstacle be registered in the mind realized, noticed relic trace, vestige, remains indispensable essential, necessary 6-3-1 Film boulevard avenue stunned shocked, astonished thrilled excited routine regular, habitual, frequent grasp understand, comprehend (film) personality celebrity, hero enduring long-lasting, permanent legacy heritage, tradition by no means certainly not novelty newness, innovation, originality narrative account, story, report convention tradition, agreement; conference 6-3-2 Motivating employees under adverse conditions motivate stimulate, prompt, inspire adverse unfavourable, disadvantageous, negative [positive] grow expand decline shrink optimism [pessimism] entice encourage be prone to be liable to, be likely to, tend to, incline to, have a tendency to redundant unemployed, dismissed rumour gossip autonomous independent, self-governing affiliation alliance, association specific precise, detailed, exact external [internal] be assigned be allocated, be distributed collectively [individually] in conjunction with together with perception (perceive) sense be consistent with [be inconsistent with] appraisal assessment, evaluation valid true, credible, logical, sound, well-grounded reinforce strengthen scope range be contigent on be dependent on, rely on publicise advertise, promote transparent clear, lucid weigh think over, consider, ponder, reflect, contemplate 6-3-3 The search for the anti-aging pill vigor vitality, strength infirmity weakness longevity long life equivalent (to) equal mimic imitate, mock mimetic imitative taut promote, publicise toxic poisonous dose amount retard slow, detain emit release, send out 6-4-1 Doctoring sales representative delegate, deputy, agent; typical physician doctor [surgeon] incentive stimulus, encouragement profile outline, description bribe buy escalate increase extravagance excess, luxury, waste brochure pamphlet, booklet inundation flood recipient receiver prescribe dispense bottom line final result; essential point sky-rocketing sky high scrutinize inspect, examine, check 6-4-2 Do literate women make better mothers? eliminate remove, exclude mortality death malnourished undernourished opt choose exert apply, use implication hint, suggestion maternal [paternal], female bypass avoid, escape, ignore mature adult, grown replicate copy, duplicate, reproduce 6-4-3 Bullying persistent enduring, chronic, endless offence crime, misdeed common refrain cliché inquiry question, enquiry, investigation, inquest optimum optimal, best sanction permission, approval, penalty consultation discussion, conference, counsel disseminate spread, distribute, disperse, propagate implement carry out, do, perform, execute back (up) support in the light of considering, in the view of substitute replacement, surrogate prevention intervention 7-1-1 Let’s go bats fraction amount, proportion uncanny unnatural, weird, unexpected, exceptional navigate find their way, guide, pilot, maneuver in the absence of without obstruct block, impede manoeuvre move, guide, perform prohibitive expensive illuminate light, elucidate, clarify, illustrate phantom unreal, ghost military martial, warlike or rather more exactly/specifically/accurately detection navigation underlying basic, essential, fundamental coin name, call, know as, term, christen, dub cover include 7-1-2 Making every drop count manipulate exploit, use, handle expand extend, enlarge source origin/derivation innovative novel/original/unprecedented layout design/plan/blueprint/scheme occupant resident/dweller/inhabitant explode soar monumental giant, heroic, historic, significant generate produce inferior subordinate; [superior] adequate sufficient consequence outcome jeopardise endanger/threaten/imperil compensation payment species breed ecosystem environment thrive prosper/flourish dispute debate/contend/controversy tension pressure/stress rezort option/resource opposition resistance/objection address tackle/solve/deal with diminish decrease remarkable notable/exceptional a range of a spectrum of conserve preserve/save peak summit region zone/terrain/territory ecological bionomical (bionomics = ecology)/environmental 7-1-3 Educating psyche valid true, credible, well-grounded readily easily instruction education, learning, teaching, order, direction variant version solemnly seriously likewise also, furthermore distinctive special, characteristic, typical ritual ceremony, form, rite autocratic categoric designate allocate, appoint, call, name accredited accepted, believed well known notoriety (fame, popularity, reputation, notoriousness) emulate imitate, copy, compete, contest procedure session 7-2-1 Why pagodas don’t fall down flimsy delicate, weak lighting illumination topple overturn, capsize flatten level devastate destroy, ruin magnificent majestic, splendid, remarkable unscathed safe, uninjured, unharmed erect construct dampen decrease, restrain dispense with get rid of, without batter strike, attack eave roof resilience flexibility, buoyancy pillar column, pile bear the weight carry the load bend flex stationary fixed, unmoving, still slither slide consecutive successive jolt shake, bump, jerk 7-2-2 The true cost of food collateral parallel, additional enervation depletion, impoverishment colossal immense, enormous fertility richness, productivity aesthetic artistic arable cultivable subsidy grant prop up support, sustain feasible possible, viable premium additional payment commitment responsibility, obligation comprise contain, encompass, include initiate begin, launch, undertake 7-2-3 Makete integrated rural transport project tackle solve, address, cope with, deal with present offer, give assumption premise, postulation, supposition regarding on, about implement carry out, perform refinement improvement hinder prevent, obstruct, impede, hold back 7-3-1 Ant intelligence scrutiny inspection, examination, observation repel repulse propagate spread, disseminate, breed, reproduce intricate complicated, elaborate outstrip exceed, outdo, surpass exhaustive thorough, complete 7-3-2 Population movements and genetics footing foundation, basis, status long-standing long-lasting, old, enduring variant variation, diversity, version credence credit, belief 7-3-3 The preservation of European forest combat fight, struggle joint (action) communal, mutual condemned fated, doomed unrivaled unparalleled, incomparable unwind relax, rest transcend exceed, surpass, excel resolution conclusion, determination, decision issue publish, release surveillance watch culprit sinner, offender accentuate emphasize concentrate on focus on preserve reserve 7-4-1 Endless harvest bounty bonus, reward nourishment food, nutrition mandate order, command authority power, right commission authorise, entitle, empower certify witness, guarantee, warrant subsistence sustenance, living prompt impel, propel, trigger, stimulate cumulative accumulative culminate peak, climax 7-4-2 Pulling strings to build pyramids reckon deem, consider peruse study, examine monument memorial posture position, pose intrigue attract, interest rig up set up scaffold stage, platform apex summit, top trolley cart clean (adv.) completely, entirely foe enemy 7-4-3 Effects of noise plausible believable, credible disruptive troublesome, disturbing, intrusive, unsettling interfere affect capability ability reduce eliminate mistake error ethnicity race social class status, social position 8-1-1 A chronicle of timekeeping advent appearance, arrival revolution rotation wax and wane ups and downs conspicuous noticeable, remarkable, marked approximate (v.) estimate cosmic universal disseminate spread denote mean, indicate, designate scheme layout, plan, project supersede replace, substitute, supplant commence begin simultaneously at the same time, coincident precise accurate, exact 8-1-2 Air traffic control in the USA regulate oversee, control, supervise congest overcrowd, block procedure process, program, approach rudimentary basic, elementary, rudimental vicinity neighborhood metropolitan municipal, urban accommodate adapt, contain, integrate blanket cover bound obliged, obligated category classification, class necessitate demand, require devise design, contrive designate call, term stem from result from realm domain, field altitude elevation, height correspond conform, match, accord encompass include, comprise rigorous strict, precise explicit clear clearance permission 8-1-3 Telepathy derision mockery, ridicule sceptical doubtful, questioning implication suggestion, hint constitute compose, comprise compelling strong, convincing genuine real, true, authentic definitive final, conclusive sceptics advocates concur agree meditation contemplation suspect doubt, distrust faint vague, weak swamp flood, overwhelm tranquility peace, quiet flaw defect, mistake, fault routinely usually, often overlook ignore outright complete, utter fraud cheat switch change, shift be subjected to undergo, experience, be exposed to be put down to be attributed to plausible believable, credible mechanism method, procedure esoteric abstruse, deep, obscure probe explore, investigate 8-2-1 Sheet glass manufacture: the float process spinning whirl, rotation unblemished clean, unstained flat horizontal specific special, particular property attribute, quality, characteristic pilot experimental, trial mar damage, spoil, blemish tremor shake steer guide, pilot, control, direct, conduct 8-2-2 The little ice age episode occasion, incident rather more exactly proxy agent, substitute narrative story-telling perish die, expire, demise culminate peak, crown proliferate increase, multiply, reproduce regime governance, rule 8-2-3 The meaning and power of smell smell olfaction odour aroma, scent, smell foul stinky [fragrant] bonding close relationship spouse husband or wife, marriage partner register indicate, show feeble weak, faint realm domain, area, field recollection memory, recall proper itself be invested with be endowed with (confer, offer) 8-3-1 Striking back at lighting with lasers inflict impose dice with death risk one’s life armoury arsenal installation facilities in the offing in the near future forthcoming coming, approaching avalanche large amount menace threat 8-3-2 The nature of genius genius prodigy, giftedness begetter father cult worship divinity god perpetuate eternalize, immortalize derive from come from ambivalent contradictory defective deficient, [talented] eccentric bizarre, strange, weird denigration depreciation anecdote story collate compare corporal physical mundane secular mediocre ordinary, second-class marvel amaze, wonder outrageous unconventional outstrip surpass, transcend instruction education, knowledge emulate imitate, compete unpalatable painful, unpleasant perseverance insistence, persistence preserve protect integrity honesty, character delude fool, deceive save (saving) prep. except 8-3-3 How does the biological clock tick? inexorable unstoppable, relentless, rigid equilibrium balance mechanism method mutation change, alteration optimal best, optimum immortality eternity parameter characteristic, feature mammoth huge, immense frugally thriftily, economically captivity imprisonment hibernation lethargy 8-4-1 Land of the rising sum concerning in terms of variation difference presumably likely, probably supplementary additional, extra comprehensive inclusive, all-around foster encourage, develop 8-4-2 Biological control of pest reckless careless engender create, produce lethal deadly, harmful, damaging potent powerful immune chemical resistant replacement substitute glaring gross, evident withstand resist havoc ruin, destruction avidly eagerly proliferation escalation, boost, increase, reproduction mutation change, variation escalating perils increasing dangers perpetual permanent detrimental harmful nuisance bother, torment, plague devour eat forage food clutches control 8-4-3 Collecting ant specimens stray lost, wondering exhaustive thorough taxonomy classification compatible consistent, conformable overlook miss, ignore ethanol alcohol evaporate vaporize, disappear 9-1-1 William Henry Perkin stumble upon/on/across find … by chance became immersed in be absorbed in eminent noted, famous and outstanding enrol in attend, enter be derived from be obtained from, originate from surpass outdo, exceed passing casual substitute replacement, alternate, surrogate readily quickly, easily, willingly substance matter, stuff incorporate integrate, combine excretion waste outrageously much too high (price), shockingly, ridiculously hue color, tone, shade, tint backdrop background grasp understand fully fabric cloth, structure originally initially works factory, plant boost increase, advance all the rage be all the fashion clamour demand drawing board the planning stage stain dye microbe bacteria, bacilli 9-1-2 Is there anybody out there? extra-terrestrial alien haunt trouble, hang around poised ready drive compel, force foster nurture, feed tenuous thin, insignificant ground rules basic principals apart from except in that because inconceivable unbelievable likelihood chance, possibility attenuate reduce, weaken traverse cross, pass, travel transmit send, communicate joint shared, common antenna aerial at short notice immediately appropriate suitable, proper 9-1-3 The history of tortoise enterprising bold, ambitious parched dry thoroughgoing complete revert return equivalent equal, identical constitute consist of, make up, compose transition change 9-2-1 Hearing impairment in young children hearing auditory impairment deficit, damage detrimental bad, harmful preliminary preparatory amount to be equal to exacerbate worsen, aggravate reverberation echo discrepancy difference, inconsistency stimuli incentive intrusive unsettling, disturbing adversely unfavorably be indicative of indicate, reveal screen out eliminate embark on start, commence initiative action, new plan formulate invent, create, express imperative urgent and essential promulgate announce, broadcast, disseminate 9-2-2 Venus in transit allege argue, state desolate deserted worked out measure pin down nail down, settle thwart prevent rule out eliminate, prevent undaunted brave dispiriting depressing supersede replace 9-2-3 A neuroscientist reveals how to think differently is linked to achievement secrets to success naysayer opponent impede hinder, obstruct plague afflict, annoy, torture hardwired inborn, universal conjecture guess bombard attack receptive open-minded demanding arduous, difficult, tough 9-3-1 Attitudes to language invective and polemic abuse and argue aptitude talent inherently innately, naturally propound propose, suppose in relation to in/with reference to encounter confront, meet adherent advocate, follower, supporter deviation diversion rudiments fundamental, principles legislation lawmaking tenet belief, principle liberalism [conservatism] discredit disbelieve 9-3-2 The tidal power renewable energy sustainable energy ailing not well, ill hostile unfriendly subsidiary subordinate, affiliate be mounted on be fixed to maintenance support submerged under the sea debris wreckage, fragment robust strong, 9-3-3 Information theory – the big idea be used by means of Switch over shift triumph win shun avoid intact undamaged, complete genuine true ravage damage feat accomplishment ambiguous vague 9-4-1 The life and work of Marie Curie sole single prodigious amazing, enormous property quality, characteristic vacant empty received recognition was awarded the Nobel Prize material substance triumphant successful, victorious subsequent later, following 9-4-2 Young children’s sense of identity distinctiveness individuality, particularity label call, describe vocalization voice, speech distinct different, separate; clear, obvious inextricably inevitably, closely linked bind together connected conceive imagine marked noticeable notable remarkable 9-4-3 The development of museums conviction belief, idea; certainty relics remains, vestige infallible certain, unfailing testimony proof, testament veracity truthfulness, authenticity tangible sensible, touchable, subtle fine, delicate the exclusive domain the only field prototype original example, archetype evaporating disappearing depict portray correspond to accord to transitory transient stroll walk