快餐中的过量抗生素(antibiotic)让Aussie的身体“嘣棒”
遍布街巷的KFC、星巴克、Burger King已经完全融入到我们现代人的生活。近日，外媒报道称，多家机构发布的一份报告披露了20多家知名快餐连锁企业使用抗生素的情况，其中星巴克、汉堡王、DQ冰雪皇后等都位列最低的F等级。
所有位列F级排名垫底的企业，要不是因为没有披露肉类和家禽类供应链上抗生素的使用政策，要不就是制订了政策但没有持续实施。当前因为管理严格，因此在鸡肉饲养上禁止抗生素使用取得了一些进展，但牛肉和猪肉的情况仍然非常严重。
从炸鸡块到汉堡，再到牛奶，大部分快餐店供应的奶肉都来自工业化设备下饲养的动物，而这些企业都经常性地使用抗生素来预防在拥挤、不卫生的条件下很容易传播的疾病。
滥用抗生素 耐药性细菌每年致70万人丧命
耐药性细菌每年夺走70万人的生命，如果不限制对抗生素的使用，到2050年，这个数字将达到每年100万人，到那时，“超级细菌”频发，“无药可用”将成为现实。
上述报告披露的快餐行业是最大的问题，就是大部分企业仍然允许供应商，在没有生病的动物中经常性地使用抗生素，导致人类对抗生素不再有效，增加医疗成本和健康风险，也对生命造成了严重的威胁。
中国一年消耗16万吨抗生素 养殖业滥用严重
前段时间，中国公布了首份抗生素的使用量和排放量的清单，显示，2013年中国抗生素总使用量为16.2万吨，农业养殖业使用抗生素占52%，滥用抗生素导致的耐药性越来越严重。
养殖业中使用的抗生素最终是被人类吃进胃里，而一旦进入人体后会引发机体过敏和毒性作用，且不易察觉，耐药基因传递给病原体，将会引发人群的感染，甚至是感染性疾病的爆发。
令人堪忧的中国市场
因为抗生素的滥用，美国已有多个消费者团体向快餐业递交请愿书，呼吁停止使用含抗生素的奶肉，多家快餐店也陆续承诺停用抗生素。麦当劳宣布，2017年开始，美国市场将采购不适用抗生素的鸡肉；赛百味也宣布今年开始在美国餐厅供应不含抗生素的鸡肉；棒约翰也宣布今年夏天前停止出售含抗生素的鸡肉。
但这些在中国市场至今都没有任何动作！
这些洋快餐在中国市场都没有做相关表态，这就导致了洋快餐的国内和国外的两套标准。中国也应该导入这种不使用抗生素的条例，而且一定要尽快实施。
快餐，尤其是洋快餐滥用抗生素在国际已闹得轰轰烈烈，但国内市场前行的道路还很漫长，我们首先能做的就是保护自己，尽量少或不去买这些快餐!
英文原文：
New report gives 16 chains a failing grade.
Some of the most popular fast food chains in America have yet to seriously address antibiotic use, according to a new report.
A consortium of consumer and food safety groups compiled the analysis and found that major chains like Burger King BKW 0.00% , Dunkin’ Donuts DNKN 1.44% , KFC YUM 0.19% , and Starbucks SBUX 0.07% deserve an “F” rating when it comes to antibiotic practices for poultry, beef, and pork.
The big food companies not hip to antibiotic-free meat are often accused of fueling the antibiotic-resistant “superbugs” that scientists consider a “ticking time bomb” for global health.
Panera PNRA 0.34% and Chipotle CMG 0.89% were the only two chains to earn high marks in the report. A total of 16 received failing grades.
“This year, twice the number of surveyed companies received a passing grade compared to last year,” report authors said. “This largely reflects partial commitments on the part of those moving to transition their chicken supplies away from routine use of antibiotics.”
Subway, for instance, managed to leap from a failing grade in last year’s antibiotics report card to a ‘B’ this year, thanks to a new policy it applies to all of its meats.
Still, the companies in the process of moving away from antibiotic-treated meat have its work cut out.
“Very little progress has been made on pork and beef,” report authors said. “There are no new entrants into the small peer group of restaurant chains receiving an ‘A’ grade, reserved for companies that have policies limiting the routine use of antibiotics across all the meat and poultry they serve and publicly affirming that the majority of their meat and poultry is sourced accordingly.”
The pressure on food companies to get smart about antibiotics is growing, and not just by scientists. Yum Brands YUM 0.19% , which owns popular chains KFC (heavily criticized in the new analysis), Pizza Hut, and Taco Bell, is currently being pressed by shareholders to improve its own antibiotics practices.